Eating Disorders - 1137 Words

The modeling industry has taken a toll on young girls across the world today. Models, magazines, television even the radio advertise thin is in. Because of this girls feel pressured that they need to look a certain way in order to look good. People need to start realizing that you can be curvy and still look excellent. Society needs to urge the fashion industry and media to stop portraying the perfect skinny, toothpick image because it is causing a huge array of health related problems to woman around the world. The modeling industry finally had a wake-up call after models were dying of eating disorders. Luisel Ramos, for example, was just starting out her modeling career and she was told that if she lost some weight she could make†¦show more content†¦People everywhere especially young girls, and women look at magazines and dream to one day look like the models in the pictures. They do this because thin, beautiful women are what they are used to seeing everywhere. There are rarely advertisements with curvy, real looking women on them. Plus size models are also scarce and compared to the ultra skinny models, they are not looked up to. What is happening to society? Size  ¾ is no longer considered thin. There are double zeros and negative sizes that are taking over the clothing racks. Changes need to be made with the media and the fashion industry immediately. The rampage of being so thin that your rib cage is clearly seen and you suffer from many health issues is not in. Thin is not in! Healthy, real looking girls and women who are happy with their figures is whats in. Being active and enjoying a normal lifestyle is in. There is no need to conform to the so called perfect body image when there truly is not one. Psychologists say the fashion industry has gone too far in pushing dangerously thin image in that women and even young girls try to imitate. In recent surveys 40% of first, second, and third graders want to be thinner. 80% of ten year olds are concerned that they will become fat. 50% of children ages eight through ten are unhappy with their current size and more than 50% of nine through fifteen year olds say that they exercise to lose weight and reduceShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1205 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders in Today’s World Eating disorders are alive and well in today’s world and they are a major problem. An eating disorder can look like a few different things, ranging from a severe reduction of food intake to over eating to feelings of negativity towards your body shape or weight (Lehigh University). While some disorders can only be found in specific age groups, races, etc., eating disorders can be found amongst all and it does not necessarily have to be pointed towards food (LehighRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words   |  5 Pagesas an eating disorder. Weir (2016) goes on to explain the origins behind eating disorders in individuals. This topic is important because, in the United States, many women and men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their life. It is important to know the influences that cause an individual to experience an eating disorder. Genetically, or environmentally, or both genetically and environmentally. Anorexia ner vosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are eatingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1573 Words   |  7 Pagesaffects people called an â€Å"eating disorder.† Why did you choose this topic? I chose this topic because it is a very prevalent issue in our society today, and a close friend of mine is suffering from an eating disorder. What question(s) did you want to answer or what was your hypothesis regarding this topic? As mammals, there is no chance of escaping the need to consume food in everyday life. However, when it comes to food there can be a major concern of eating too much or eating too little. Doing eitherRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1104 Words   |  5 PagesEating disorder is a serious problem happens in both men and women. Eating disorder is a sort of disease in which a person is having a strange routine of eating like consuming a huge amount of food each time they eat. This can incorporate not eating enough nourishment or indulging. Eating disorder influence many people around the world. The larger part of peoples who are dealing with this issue are ladies. A person with eating disorder issue may focus nonsensically on their weight and shape. EatingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"An eating disorder is about anxiety and control and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mim ms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder966 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Many people, both women and men of all ages, suffer from the psychological disorder, eating. Up to thirty million people in the world suffer from some kind of an eating disorder. There a two types of eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia, and have several methods of treatment. What is an eating disorder, and what do they cause? Eating disorders are maladaptive and very serious interruptions in eating. They can come in the form of overeating, or not eating enough, they are oftenRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesAn eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amount of food, but as some point, the urge to eat less or more has gotten out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape may also signal an eating disorder. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and a binge-eatingRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1031 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The eating disorder is a very jealous and abusive partner. It requires a lot of devotion in the extent that you have to devote yoursel f to tending to the anorexia. There s not a lot of time left over for adult life,† was stated by Dr. Doug Bunnell, a specialist in eating disorders. Eating disorders effect a variety of people. Age, race, and gender aren’t role playing keys in eating disorders. Not everyone gets an eating disorder, but if they do then, it will more than likely destroy their livesRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1906 Words   |  8 Pagesobtain their body goal, thus causing an eating disorder. An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are three types of eating disorders; which are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating.These disorders affect all aspects of a person’s life, including their psychological, emotional, and physical health. There are many factors that contribute to individuals developing eating disorders including: genetics, family pressuresRead MoreEating Disorders : Ea ting Disorder1235 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders Eating disorders are a very serious psychological condition that affects your mind so that you are more focused on your food and weight than you are on everything else. The most known and most commonly diagnosed eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder; however, these are not the only eating disorders. Eating disorders cause psychical and psychological problems, which at their worst can even become life threating. Statistics show that more women are affected

Diseased Body in Wuthering Heights Essay - 662 Words

In Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte it can be viewed that there is â€Å"more suffering caused by a diseased mind than by a diseased body.† The idea of a â€Å"diseased mind† is a mental illness or madness and the â€Å"diseased body† is a physical illness or injury, both of which are displayed by many characters in Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is a prime example of a character with a â€Å"diseased mind† that causes him suffering. He spends the majority of his life contemplating and acting out revenge towards Hindley and the Lintons because he believes it was their fault Catherine thought it would â€Å"degrade† her to marry Heathcliff, even though she loved him; this is one example of his unstable mind set. In chapter 9 Nelly foreshadows the suffering of†¦show more content†¦Heathcliff’s unconditional love causes Catherine’s â€Å"melancholy† â€Å"mental state† because it is overwhelming and she is in love with him but a Victorian society wouldn’t accept their relationship because of the Heathcliff’s very low class, which would result in them being â€Å"beggars.† Catherine has â€Å"a peculiar expression arising from her mind set† before she tells Heathcliff â€Å"you have killed me,† this highlights her â€Å"diseased mind † and the suffering it is causing her because she hasn’t died yet but it could be interpreted that she feels as though she has which emphasises her suffering, but also her madness. The â€Å"peculiar expression† that Catherine is described to have could be because she was â€Å"thinking†¦ of Wuthering Heights.† The â€Å"expression† could be interpreted as a smile, which would be â€Å"peculiar† to Nelly because she has been depressed living with Edgar, therefore a smile would be unusual; David Punter explains â€Å"Gothic reminds us we are driven by our passions† and Catherine’s passion is Heathcliff, which would explain her â€Å"expression† when thinking about Wuthering Heights. This idea of Catherine’s thought process in her â€Å"diseased mind† emphasises her pain and suffering because she cannot be without Heathcliff, her â€Å"soul,† yet she is continuously thinking about him, this is esse ntially what drives her insane. Catherine’s mental suffering is closely linked with her

Cities vs Suburb Free Essays

August 10, 2010 Cities VS Suburbs There many opinions about cities and suburbs. What are the differences between them? I have lived in Richmond, KY for a year. It is a very small, county place. We will write a custom essay sample on Cities vs Suburb or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then I have been living in Elizabeth, NJ for 2 years. It is not big like New York. I can come to some difference between cities and suburbs. For example, these differences between cities and suburbs are attractions, density of population and their environment. Cities offer a massive amount of attraction. Cities are the principal edge of what is happening. For example, in New York City we can find the best and the most extensive museums, theaters, concert halls. Also we have a wide choice of bars, nightclubs and restaurants. New York City is a city that never sleeps. If you want dinner at 11:00, you can find a wide range of restaurants open until late hours. On the contrary, Suburbs are places where you can’t the same amount of attraction as in the cities, but you can get pleasure from the environment such as forests, animals, parks, and tourist places. For example, I liked Kentucky because I traveled across it. I will never forget when I went to this place called Cumberland Fall, also known as the  Little Niagara, or the  Niagara of the South. It is a large waterfall  on the  Cumberland River  in southeastern  Kentucky where you can see a rainbow every full moon. In conclusion cities have more attraction than the cities Another difference between cities and suburbs is the density of population. Cities have a mass transit of people that may be convenient, but it’s hardly private. Neighbors can easily look in the windows of buildings across the street. Also, Cities have a lot of traffic because of the density of population. Traffic and finding a park are always problematic during the work day because of the amount of people in the cities. For example, in New York City is a very crowd city where you can find many tourists everywhere. On the other hand, the suburbs are less crowed than the cities. Additionally to less population, suburbs have long distance between places, and its roads are bigger than the city roads; consequently, there is not much traffic, and we don’t feel the big mass of population. To sum up density of population is a big variety between cities and suburbs. Other different between cities and suburbs is their environment. The cities have a very noisy environment. For the same reason you can get dinner at 11:00 PM, the city is very rowdy at 11:00 PM. Police sirens and fire truck horns are amplified, and you can hear them all night. There isn’t any quiet in the city; you can hear what’s going on in the apartment beside you, above you, and below you, and they can hear you. However, in the suburb you can hear the sound of the nature, such as birds, wind, and trees, and it stimulates you. For instance, in the suburb we have many family that need to get the kids off to school, have late night dinners, and many other activities during the day that midnight jazz don’t do much for them. For example, when I was in Kentucky I loved to go to the park and just sit in the grass and listen to the wind. All in all cities are more rowdy than the suburb In conclusion, my experience in both places helped me to create criteria about the differences between the cities and the suburbs. Attraction, density of population and environment are some of the different between cities and suburbs. I prefer to live in the suburbs where you can be safe and have peace of mind, without a big population and traffic. How to cite Cities vs Suburb, Papers

Electronic Commerce Essay Research Paper One of free essay sample

Electronic Commerce Essay, Research Paper One of the fastest turning industries today is electronic commercialism. Almost anything can be purchased, traded, or sold all via the Internet. A individual sitting in their life room dressed in pyjama on a showery Saturday forenoon in mid December can hookup to the cyberspace and put their command on a new cheat set for the vacations without of all time puting pes in the section shops. They can pay for it with their recognition card through a unafraid dealing and have it delivered right to their door in a twosome of yearss for less than they could acquire it retail. An article by Jan Thomas said that the electronic commercialism industry is dining and that it has grown at an dismaying rate of over 2000 per centum since last twelvemonth. She continued to state that she predicts that it will go on to turn at an even faster rate, as more and more merchandises become available online and that cognition of Internet commercialism is truly go oning. ( 34 ) One of the major grounds that this industry is dining is because buying over the Internet has been made really easy compared to the traditional manner of shopping. Ordinarily a consumer will take the childs and heap in the household auto and caput to the local shopping promenade. Once they get at that place they will happen what they are looking for merely to be told by the rude, pushful gross revenues individual that it is out of stock. After they get pushed into something other than what they came for they will wait in a line similar to that of Space Mountain at Disney World. Finally they will head for place after passing about an norm of 2.5 hours ( Sparkman 24 ) . On the other manus, shopping on the Internet is takes no clip at all. The consumer would log on to their Internet service supplier and indicate their browser to one of many topographic points depending on their demands. They can read about the merchandise characteristics and benefits, see how it compared to othe r theoretical accounts in similar monetary value scopes and even see colour images. If they want to buy it, they can utilize their recognition card without fright that the Numberss will fall into the incorrect custodies. This is all done in much less clip than it takes to merely drive to the promenade. Another ground for the roar in on-line commercialism is the fact that the monetary value of computing machines has been driven down by the Asiatic economic system crisis. Families who could non afford a computing machine in the past now can. This vacation season the local Best Buy had a computing machine system advertised for $ 499.98, which included a proctor and a pressman. This clip last twelvemonth the lowest monetary value on a complete system was about $ 1199.98. Harmonizing to a recent survey by the Dunc an group, merely 35 per centum of American families presently have a computing machine. About six per centum of them even knew that they could truly buy online. When asked if they would see buying online, and overpowering 67 per centum said they would rebelliously look on the Internet before traveling to the section shops ( 34-35E ) . Harmonizing to one Best Buy shop director, they have been selling computing machines at a rate of about 40-60 computing machines per twenty-four hours. As monetary values continue to fall and more and more houses are equipped with the ability to shop online, we will go on to see the rapid growing of this industry. There are the critics who say that electronic commercialism is non the manner of the hereafter. They believe that it is merely non the same to try to buy something over the Internet. One individual told me that seeking to purchase something through electronic commercialism was like shopping at Dillards after they have closed. He had some inquiries on compatibility and there was cipher to assist him. I agreed that in certain cases shopping online might non be the right thing for every purchase, nevertheless it was much faster than conventional shopping and he was non pushed into passing more than he was prepared to. Another critic said that she merely does non believe that her recognition card Numberss are safe being sent across the phone lines. I had explained that wherever she uses her recognition cards they excessively use the phone lines to convey the Numberss for blessing merely as the Internet would. Besides, most reputable online companies use some type of encoding package that was made particularly for electronic commercialism. A spokesman from IBM says that Internet security is the best is has of all time been. If the Bankss trust it, why shouldn T you. ( Segal 45-46 ) Be on the sentinel for more and more advertizements about on-line commercialism. Just think, as more and more companies develop their online divisions, you will shortly hold the ability to shop anyplace in the universe right from the comfort of you ain place. Thingss that were merely available in other parts of the state and other parts of the universe will shortly be available to you all at your convenience and rght from place. It will go on. It is go oning now. 49e Duncan Group. American Electronics Survey. Wall Street Journal 14 November 1998. 34-34E. Sparkman, Guy. Shoping this Holiday Season, Watch out! Sun- Sentinal Special edition 23 November 1998. 24. Segal, Hy. IBM Security Software is hot material. Byte August 1998. 45-46. Thomas, Jan. Online commercialism in he 90 s. Are you ready? E-Com September 1998. 34.

Susan B. Anthony Essays - First-wave Feminism, Womens Suffrage

Susan B. Anthony I. Susan B. Anthony : A Biographical Introduction Susan Brownell Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 in Adams, Massachusetts to Daniel and Lucy Anthony. Susan was the second born of eight children in a strict Quaker family. Her father, Daniel Anthony, was said to have been a stern man, a Quaker Abolitionist and a cotton manufacturer born near the conclusion of the eighteenth century. From what I read, he believed in guiding his children, not in 'directing' them. Daniel Anthony did not allow his offspring to experience the childish amusements of toys, games, and music, which were seen as distractions from the inner light. Instead he enforced self-discipline, principled convictions, and the belief in one's own self-worth. Each of my sources indicates that Susan was a precocious child and she learned to read and write at the age of three. In 1826, the Anthonys moved from Massachusetts to Battensville, New York where Susan attended a district school. When the teacher refused to teach Susan long division, Susan was taken out of school and taught in a home school set up by her father. The school was run by a woman teacher, Mary Perkins. Perkins offered a new image of womanhood to Susan and her sisters. She was independent and educated and held a position that had traditionally been reserved to young men. Ultimately, Susan was sent to boarding school near Philadelphia. She taught at a female academy and Quaker boarding school, in upstate New York from 1846-49. Afterwards, she settled in her family home in Rochester, New York. It was here that she began her first public crusade on behalf of temperance (Anthony, 1975). II. The Struggle for Women's Rights Susan B. Anthony's first involvement in the world of reform was in the temperance movement. This was one of the first expressions of original feminism in the United States and it dealt with the abuses of women and children who suffered from alcoholic husbands. The first women's rights convention had taken place in Seneca Falls, New York, in July of 1848. The declaration that emerged was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. Written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, it claimed that all men and women are created equal and that the history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman (Harper, 1993, vol. 1). Following a long list of grievances were resolutions for equitable laws, equal educational and job opportunities, and the right to vote. One year later in 1849, Susan B. Anthony gave her first public speech for the Daugters of Temperance and then helped to found the Woman's State Temperance Society of New York, one of the first such organizations of its time. In 1851, she went to Syracuse to attend a series of anti-slavery meetings. During this time Susan met Elizabeth Stanton in person, became fast friends, and subsequently joined her and another woman named Amelia Bloomer in campaigns for women's rights. In 1854, she devoted herself to the anti-slavery movement serving from 1856 to the outbreak of the civil war in 1861. Here, Susan B. Anthony served as an agent for the American Anti-slavery Society. Afterwards, she collaborated with Stanton and published the New York liberal weekly, The Revolution. (from 1868-70) which called for equal pay for women (Harper, 1993, vols. 1 & 2). In 1872, Susan demanded that women be given the same civil and political rights that had been extended to black males under the 14th and 15th amendments. Thus, she led a group of women to the polls in Rochester to test the right of women to vote. She was arrested two weeks later and while awaiting trial, engaged in highly publicized lecture tours and in March 1873, she tried to vote again in city elections. After being tried and convicted of violating the voting laws, Susan succeeded in her refusal to pay the fine of one hundred dollars. From then on- she campaigned endlessly for a federal woman suffrage amendment through the National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) (from 1869-90) and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (from 1890-1906) and by lecturing throughout the country as well (Barry, 1988). III. After Anthony : The Struggle Continues The struggle to eventually win the vote was a slow and frustrating one. Wyoming Territory in 1869, Utah Territory in 1870, and the states of Colorado in 1893 and Idaho in 1896 granted women the vote but the Eastern states still resisted it. The woman-suffrage amendment to the Federal Constitution, presented to every Congress since 1878, repeatedly failed to pass. Over a generation later, when the United States entered World War I in April 1917, the NAWSA pledged its support. Thousands of suffragists folded

Performing an EKG

Performing an EKG Performing an EKG Training Proposal Proposal Context This instructional training will focus on performing an EKG/ECG. Oftenly, many EKG technicians don’t make an ECG properly. More often than not mistakes are made and leads of the equipment are switched. When this happens, technicians and medical professionals come to wrong conclusions.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Performing an EKG specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Leshin et al (1992, p.224) one of the prevalent mistakes in the performance of an ECG is the switching of the right and left arms. The result normally is negative complexes that occur in I that lead to an indication of deviation at the right axis. Lead switching by EKG learners is common and the trend serves to show a gap in the skills that are needed by these professionals for optimal performance. When wrong conclusions are made, from ECG readings, the most likely outcome is a wrong diagnosis. The effects of wrong diagnosis are far reaching and may include loss of life for patients and career-enders for professionals (Michelle, E.H. et al. (2009, p.331). Besides, it does nothing to contribute to the development of EKG performance and the profession generally. It’s for the above reasons that this instructional training will come in handy to ensure that the gap in skills is bridged and technicians and medical professionals perform optimally in setting up EKG equipment. The course will be mandatory for all learners in the remedial program and optional for other learners who might feel the need to polish their skills in EKG reading and analysis. Knowledge/Skill Gap Actual performance EKG learners make many lead switching mistakes while learning. These mistakes include the reversal of right leg and right arm. Normally this leads to the difficulty in seeing signals in lead II. There is also the reversal of the right and left arm electrodes by learners. T his mistake commonly happens through the reversal of leads II and III as well as leads aVR and aVL. Another mistake according to Kathleen,G. et al. (2011, p. 331) that learners make involves the reversal of the left arm and left leg. When this is done, it takes place through the reversal of leads I and II, aVR and aVF and the inversion of lead III. Reversal of the right arm and left leg is another common mistake that EKG learners make. The mistakes involves the inversion of leads I, II and III and leads aVR and aVR. This skills gap was identified through observation of test data of the learners and learner performance in the classroom. There was a consistent pattern in test results where learners made the mistakes recurrently, a clear indication that there is a knowledge gap that needs to be addressed by training.Advertising Looking for coursework on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Desired performan ce Learners after this training will be expected to correctly read the signal, connect, and record through the ISO-1 isolated input amplifier unit. The learners will also be able to correctly use the four plate electrodes and the associated straps, the electrolyte paste of the tube and alcohol pads. It is expected that learners will be able to correctly perform the procedure and achieve correct results in EKG reading. They will be expected to correctly place the subject in the correct position and perform a successful ECG reading and analysis. This learning module is necessary because it will help eliminate the common mistakes that learners make in EKG classes. Data suggests that mistakes of this nature occur every year among EKG learners. This model therefore will come in hand in enhancing training in this particular area for both current and future learners. Failure to develop this module will lead to release of half-baked EKG technicians and Proffesionals to the market that will lead to a compromise of standards in the healthcare industry. Besides, it will not be in the best interest of the training organization if its graduates fail to meet industry standards. Instructional goal The main drive behind the development of this module is the achievement of consistency in the performance of EKG learners. It’s assumed after the development and implementation, the common mistakes described above will be significantly reduced among learners after the initial training is done. The module is also expected to eventually identify the leading causes of the mistakes made by learners so that programs can be put in place to address the. Additionally, the program is expected to help learners not in remedial classes to polish and refresh their skill. A proposal will be fronted to the institution for the training module to be made permanent to ensure continued adherence of organizational standards. Objectives Terminal objectives Learners will be tested at the end of t he course and they must meet the objectives that will be set before the beginning of the course. Testing will compulsory for remedial learners and optional for others. The objectives include:Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Performing an EKG specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To test remedial learners on the placement of the right leg and right arm to achieve signal reading in lead II. Learners will be graded and one will be deemed to have passed upon achieving the above signal and a score of over 80 accuracy will indicate achievement of consistency To test the placement of right and left arm electrodes. Learners will be deemed to have achieved consistency after correct placement of leads II, III, aVR, and aVL. An accuracy score of 80% by remedial learners will indicate achievement of consistency. To test the placement of left arm and right leg. Correct placement of leads I and II, aVR and aVF and lead III and a score of over 80% by remedial learners will indicate consistency in the learner. To test the placement of the right arm and left leg. Correct placement of leads I,II and III and aVR and aVF and a score of over 80% by the remedial learners will signify consistency Enabling Objectives Instructors will be aiming to achieve the above through enabling objectives that will be: To teach learners on the correct placement of the right leg and right arm to ensure a signal is occurrence in lead II To teach learners on how to avoid reversal of leads I and III as well as leads aVR and aVL that result in incorrect placement of right and left arm electrodes. To teach learners on how to avoid reversal of leads II, and I leads aVR and aVF and the inversion of lead III to avoid incorrect placement of the left arm and the left leg. To teach learners on how to avoid inversion of leads I, II, and III and also leads aVR and aVF so as to ensure correct placement of the right arm and left leg. Content and Tasks The mistakes that have highlighted the knowledge gap in as said before deal with lead switching. The course content therefore will emphasize on the information that the learners will need to make correct connections to avoid switching. Its important for the learners to be well versed in Cardiac Conduction System Anatomy, cardiac physiology and in the theory of electrocardiography. The content will specifically focus on lead connection and EKG interpretation. A wide variety of topics will be offered in one moth course that will include information on the administration of EKG and alternate EKG types, indication of EKG and EKG overview. a combination of various instructional methods will be used including text, photography, and other interactive programs that will be used to suit the different learners; preferences. Presentation will mainly be carried out using the Microsoft PowerPoint and a digital scanner that will necessitate the direct input of EKG. Learners will be assi gned both in groups real life cases where they will be required to input their skills on EKG performance. At the end of every session the lesson content will be distributed to the learners through a multimedia on a CD ROM to enable them go through the content to develop perfection. Target Audience Description This learning module will be targeting all learners in remedial learning program in the institution. Besides, the program will be open to other learners who will be in need of polishing their EKG skills. A number of factors that will either help or inhibit the rate of understanding or learning of the learners will affect delivery of this program.Advertising Looking for coursework on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their mental abilities and level of knowledge in the EKG theory will be big factors in learning. Besides there will need to be motivation for the students to help them grasp the concepts that will be necessary for consistent performance of EKG procedures. Additionally, learners will be expected to be well versed in both basic and advanced computer skills that will come in handy in manipulating some EKG equipment and software. Project Scope Success of this model will largely depend on the availability of funds. Given the sophisticated type of equipment that is needed for its success and the need for a clear presentation, the module will rely greatly on designers and other information technology components that will only be availed through monetary resources. Considering the institution’s situation financially, the module is likely to be met with financial difficulties. Presentation will be carried out in PowerPoint presentations using a projector. It will incorporate colored i mages and vide clips that will help learners to relate with the content of that will be presented. The classes will also include lab sessions where learners will demonstrate their skills. The sessions will offer a chance for instructors to gauge the level at which learners will demonstrate their theory knowledge to practical. It will assist instructors to ascertain the knowledge gaps and that exists in the approaches the learners use and the actual performance of EKG’s. Technological Considerations There will be a lot of technological involvement in the program. Those learners that won’t be well versed in IT will be taken through a short refresher course while course-designing instructors will assist learners in navigating the EKG equipment that will be used for practical purposes. References Kathleen,G. et al. (2011). Integrating technology in nursing education: Tools for the knowledge era.Ontario: Jones Barlette Learning. Leshin, B.C et al. (1992). Instructional des ign strategies and tactics. New Jersey : Educational technology Publications. Michelle, E.H. et al. (2009). Clinical Medical Assisting: A Professional, Field Smart Approach to the workplace. New York: Cengage Learning.

Answer these questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer these questions - Assignment Example Humans: We [Humans] live in nature and culture. Even though much of our behavioral traits are inherited, we have opinions, and so form judgments. That as the inert aspects of biology interacts with the external components of culture, certain thoughts passed along to the latter generations fades away, in effect, explaining how natural selection operates on cultural thoughts. Culture affords that extra capacity for humans to adjust to the challenges of nature. 1) Explain the differences about whether Neanderthals were humans exactly like us or not. What traits did they have that were like us, and which were different, and how can you explain these through the principles of natural selection and variation? The Neanderthals were generally similar to modern man in appearance; the anatomy was essentially human in scope, with a similar number of bones functioning in the same manner. They were, however, different in terms of their robustness [thickness and strength]. The Neanderthal also had backward sloped forehead, with a slightly forward protruding nose compared to modern humans. The similarities in the physical traits of the two come from the very fact that both humans and Neanderthals acquired certain genetic variables from a common ancestor; variables which may have been â€Å"wiped clean† with certain beneficial aspects of mutation, causing variations in humans to help develop language or engage in complex interactive mechanisms, in effect, showing the very nature of natural selection in action. 2) How can bones tell us stories that history cannot? What specific scientific methods would you employ to study a group of skeletons from a volcanic eruption, in which the ruler of the time said all the people escaped the disaster? Scientific evidence has proven beyond reasonable doubles that organisms evolve/change over time. Through the studies of bones, scientists can, therefore, how species have changed across long

Will the Mexican car company, Mastretta, ever reach the reputation Essay

Will the Mexican car company, Mastretta, ever reach the reputation that the current top car companies receive - Essay Example The report is due by the end of this month. 2.0 Procedure Comprehensive secondary research has been carried out to explore the issue and find relevant solutions for the same. The resources that have been mainly consulted are consumer brand awareness reports of the automobile industry and also reports pertaining to the automobile industry of Mexican automobile industry. 3.0 Findings 3.1 Industry Outlook Similar to the discovery of airplanes, the materialization of automobiles has a profound impact on the everyday life of human beings. The automobile industry is critical constituent in the fabric of global economy (Kazmi 6). The global automobile industry enormously contributes to the wealth and health of millions of inhabitants of the world. Hence, it is important that the automotive sector retain its innovative edge and competitiveness. It has been found that the auto manufacturing industry is highly labour intensive and capital. Some of the major costs associated with manufacturing and marketing of the automobile products are labour cost, cost of procuring raw materials and cost associated with advertisement and distribution. A large proportion of the industry is driven by revenues generated from selling of automobiles. However, the equipments and parts market also offer lucrative opportunities to the players. In the North American market, the industry is principally dominated by three major players namely Ford Motor Co., General Motors and Chrysler. In addition, the foreign players such as Honda Motor Co and Toyota Motor Co are other major players (General Motors, â€Å"Annual Report: Financial Highlights†) According to several industry analysts, the automobile industry depends heavily on the tastes and trends of consumers (Adair 6-10). Although, a large segment of the overall sales of automobiles generates from the business to business selling and car renting companies, but the end consumer always has the highest priority as they are the one who drive the growth and progression of the industry (Bhushan and Rai 12-18). Another vital caveat for analyzing an automobile company is the intentions of the company pertaining to their planning and redesign. In this rapidly changing business environment companies, irrespective of the nature and business line are continuously trying to bring changes into their system of operation and product design. As a result of that, it is noticed that every year companies come up with either a new car or modify their existing car. These changes have massive impact on the success or failure of a company as consumers are directly influenced by it. In addition, there are certain other factors such as the price; the variation of models as well as the status it reflects in the social world is also a major factor (Hicks 14-21). Therefore, the discussion makes it evident that there are several factors responsible for the success of an automobile company as well as for gaining reputation in the market. In the context of the automotive industry of Mexico, it is characterized by steady growth and high potential. The industry accounts for 3.6% of the overall GDP of the country and is growing at a steady pace (Esenaro, â€Å"Luxury Car Manufacturing on A Roll in Mexico†). Despite the economic crisis, where majority of automobile players were seriously affected, and resulted in minimization of various expenditures, have once again occupied the emblematic position in the national economy of the country. As of latest figures the country ranks among the top 10 car manufacturing countries of the world. Figure 1 –

Urban Regeneration and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Urban Regeneration and Development - Essay Example ject incorporates two central themes; the foremost illustrate the central facades of urban regeneration evaluating its procedure at the former Manchester football stadium. It is on record that many cities in the recent past have witnessed redevelopment for modern post mechanized functions’ normally assimilated to civilization, sightseeing, in addition to technology. Such functions might present the prospects for erecting more reliable as well as livable metropolis, fastidiously in antique mechanized regions, Clifford, S and King, A (1993). In reconstituting antique cities, Genoa was employed as a case study; this is inclined to transforming old harbor regions, the waterfront as well as historic centre. Currently Genoa has regained an appealing distinctiveness and its function in the Italian structure. A subsequent case study is Barcelona, which was manipulated through its changes in bid to hosting the 1992 Olympic Games. The metropolis has been rated as one of the most inventive urban planning. The city withstood the economic, environmental as well as the communal variations by focusing on its culture backdrop, metropolis variations, shaping inducement, urban as well as impartiality administration, and sea front evolution, Clifford, S and King, A (1993). The metropolis evolution line of attack, CDS, enhances Alexandria which takes advantage of its competitive endowments, better administer remote properties and remove constraints for restricted sector-led growth, while considering the socio-fiscal incorporation of the poor, modify the subsisting conditions of its residents, and prevent supplementary worsening. The venture progresses since 2004, bringing about several of modern projects that present fiscal advantages, while focusing on ecological enhancement, slim upgrading, and make certain that it stretches towards its regeneration, Gilbert, R, Stevenson, D, Girardet, H and Stern, R (1996). From time immemorial metropolis develop on naturally. The process

Gran Torino Review Film Studies Essay

Gran Torino Review Film Studies Essay Gran Torino, directed by Clint Eastwood, is a very moving and captivating drama. Its a simple story about tolerance and cultural differences, but also one of hope, self-sacrifice, and unlikely friendships. A former auto worker at Ford, Walt Kowalski has just had to put his longtime wife to rest when the story opens. From his scowl, it looks as if he would like to join her. Instead he sits on his front porch chugging can after can of cheap beer in the company of his yellow Labrador, Daisy, while watching the world at a safe distance with a squint and a stream of bitter commentary. The remaining members of his family, including two sons with big houses, big cars, big waistlines, have no choice but to let him stew alone. Gran Torino tackles racism head on. Although the main character Walt Kowalski, played by Clint Eastwood, is prejudiced against almost everyone, the film focuses on an Asian neighborhood, uncovering racism and violence. The neighborhood has gone down hill since it has become immigrant-dominated. The house next door is now owned by a Hmong family, a widespread South-east Asian minority, and Walt does not trouble to distinguish them from the Koreans he fought in the 1950s. Throughout the film, we learn Walt had to kill many Koreans as part as his duty as a soldier during that period of time. The film takes a twist when the bitter old war veterans life takes an unexpected turn after Thao, a shy, teenage boy who lives next door to Walt is bullied by his thuggish cousin and no-good buddies into joining their gang. His initiation test is to bust into Walts garage and steal his treasured 1972 Gran Torino. Sure enough, Thao does as the others ask. While trying to steal the Gran Torino Thao tr iggers Walts halogen security lights and Walt comes out running with an assault rifle. Little do Walt and Thao know, their meeting will change both their lives forever. Thaos family, led by his mouthy, friendly sister, Sue forces the teenager to do pay his dues from trying to steal Walts car by working for Walt, an arrangement that pleases neither the Walt nor the Thao. As the story unfolds and the gang members return and Walt reaches for his gun, the film moves from comedy into drama, and then tragedy into something completely unexpected. The film takes a hard look at a Hmong community and the gang life within as it twists tough situations until its truly exposed, finding a few laughs at the core. Gran Torino portrayals real life drama while injecting it with some necessary comedy, which gives it a bit of a balance and keeps viewers even more entertained. The way the comedy weaves effortlessly in and out of the gritty Clint Eastwood film makes it an even better film for most to enjoy. Clint Eastwood has a great and useful skill of creating terrific drama films with a message, Gran Torino is one of those films. Like many of Eastwoods other films, he plays a role that involves a stereotypical toughness. This film can be seen as a interpretation on many issues encompassing gangs, racism, the disrespect of the youth culture towards their elders, and forgiveness. To me, all of these issues tend to come to mind when reminiscing about the film. I truly believe these are what the film is really about and what it was meant to be about. Throughout the film, it is mind blowing to see many of the characters change for the better throughout the film, especially Walt. This is yet another great film from Clint Eastwood, and its a film that addressees important issues that cant be ignored. Although, some may say that Gran Torino may not be the greatest work by Clint Eastwood, I believe the film did a splendid job in terms of race issues. Gran Torino is a good example of a film th at takes an unbiased look at race issues. This is a well made film, and its not just giving you straight advice like most films dealing with similar subject matter. Melancholy is imprinted in every long shot of Detroits devastated, emptied streets and in the faces of those who remain to still walk in them. Made in the 1960s and 1970s, the Gran Torino was never a great symbol of American automotive might, which makes Walts love for the car more moving and emotional. It was made by an industry that now barely makes cars, in a city that hardly works, in a country that too often has felt recently as if it cant do anything right anymore except, every so often, make a movie like this one. The drama, Gran Torino provides a surprisingly enlightened view at understanding cultural diversity within a rapidly evolving American neighborhood. The movie interjects the need for communication, understanding, and a return to middle class values in a youth oriented culture. Gran Torino expresses an issue that has been one of conflict in our society today; racism. Walt Kowalskis attitude towards minorities seems very prejudice and close-minded. I believe Gran Torino is about two things. It is about the late blossoming of a mans better nature, and it is about Americans of different races growing more open to one another in the new century. I would recommend this movie to anyone who enjoys a drama/action film, and doesnt mind some foul language to go along with it. I think to some people this film can be a eye and mind opening experience. I believe it is important for people to see both sides of such a controversial issue, and that change is probably necessary in one way or another f or understanding, respect, and peace to surface

Two Faces in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarlet Letter e

The Scarlet Letter:   Two Faces  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "No man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself and another to the multitude without finally becoming bewildered as to which may be true†. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, this quote applies to the two main characters of the novel. It applies to Arthur Dimmesdale in a literal way; he clearly is not the man that he appears to be, and the guilt that goes along with such deception consumes his entire life. The quote also applies to Hester Prynne, but in quite a different way because it was not her choice to wear the â€Å"face† that she was forced to wear.   The mark of the scarlet letter on her bosom determined how others perceived her and, in turn, how she was expected to perceive herself. At first, Hester did not consider the sin that she committed as blasphemous and horrible as the people of Boston did, but she was forced to wear the â€Å"face† of a sinner. Neither Hester or Arthur could live their lives concealing their true emotions. Arthur literally could not live with it, while Hester changed the way she felt on the inside to correspond to her guilty external image. At the court house, when Arthur Dimmesdale was pleading for Hester to reveal the name of the man with whom she had an affair, it was clear that a part of him actually wanted everyone to know that it was he who was the guilty one. Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place...better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life†¦(47). When this plea is made, it appears to be quite ironic. The man who participated in the sin is trying to convince his accomplice to do him in. However, this ... ...t with the sin in a completely different way not only because she was a different person, but because there was no additional weight of a secret that went along with the sin. Instead of trying to figure out her identity, the way Arthur had, and clinging onto the belief that what she had done was not a sin, she allowed herself to surrender and believe what the rest of society believed at that time. The people of Boston saw adultery as a sin, and there was no way that any good or love could come out of it. When Arthur's character is tested, he struggles to find the answer but is unable to, and literally dies trying. Hester, on the other hand, does not give such a noble attempt, but rather chooses, whether consciously or not, to go along with society’s views of adultery. Works Cited: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Allegory of the Cave and Narrator Essay

As the philospoher Seneca once said, â€Å"It is the power of the mind to be unconquerable. † Raymond Carver’s Cathedral is a story about a man who started out as a closed-minded man but, throughout the story his character changes as he begins to bond with his wife’s friend, Robert, a man who is blind. Plato’s Allegory of the cave is a story about a prisoner who is freed from being locked in chains living all of his life underground and finding out a different perspective about a lie he’s been living his whole life, being told as a conversation between Socrates and Glaucon. In the stories, â€Å" Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, and â€Å" Allegory of the Cave† by Plato, both authors argue that a person’s reality is not always what is seems to be. In â€Å" Cathedral,† Raymond Carver uses irony between the narrator and Robert when they talk about the cathedral. The narrator tries to explain how a cathedral looks like with words when he says â€Å" To begin with, they’re very tall. I was looking around the room for clues. They reach way up. Up and up. Toward the sky. They’re so big, some of them, they have to have these supports. To help hold them up, so to speak† to Robert who is blind and can’t really apprehend what is being said. (Carver, page 24, lines 448-451). Until Robert asks to be drawn a cathedral when he says â€Å" Hey, listen to me. Will you do me a favor? I got an idea. Why don’t you find us a pen and some heavy paper. Go on, bub, get the stuff† the narrator realizes that Robert sees by touching around the paper. (Carver, page 25, lines 492-495). What the narrator doesn’t understand is that the blind man can’t see what he sees even though he thinks that by describing with words about how a cathedral looks, helps. The irony Carver is trying to show is that the narrator is the one who is blind, not Robert, because he perceives his reality to be similar to Roberts but instead really isn’t. In â€Å" Allegory of the cave† Plato uses metaphor about the message that is being compared to an imaginary prisoner’s life. Socrates explains to Glaucon â€Å" Behold! Human beings living in a underground cave, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the cave; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and neck chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turing round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have in front of them, over which they show the puppets† to imagine a person who is living a certain kind of way for a long period of time. (Plato, page 8, lines 5-14). Then they are told that what they are living is a lie when Socrates says â€Å" And now look again, and see what will naturally follow if the prisoners are released and disabused of their error. At first, when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and wlak and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distrees him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was an illusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision, -what will be his reply? † (Plato, pages 8-9. Lines 42-51). Socrates then says â€Å" And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away and take in the objects of vision which he can see, and which he will conceive to be in reality clearer than the things which are now being shown to him† to explain that the prisoner will want to believe what he is already accustomed not to what has just been told to him. (Plato, page, lines 57-61). The metaphor that the story compares to is a prisoners life and perspective of reality, once you are told that the way you have been living for your whole life is wrong, you are most likely to be scared of the truth that has just been told to you since the reality that you have been living isn’t what it seems to be. In both stories, â€Å" Cathedral† by Raymond Carver and â€Å" Allegory of the cave† by Plato, both authors use imagery to descibe how the characters in the story are lead to a new reality that has been bestow upon them. In â€Å" Cathedral† the narrator learns the way Robert sees things when he says â€Å" He ran his fingers over the paper. He went up and down the sides of the paper. The edges, even the edges. He fingered the corners. All right, he said. All right, let’s do her. He found my hand with the pen. He closed his hand over my hand. Go ahead, bub, draw, he said. Draw. You’ll see. I’ll follow along with you. It’ll be okay. Just begin now like I’m telling you. You’ll see. Draw, the blind man said. † (Carver, page 26, lines 508-514). Carver reveals that by being very desciptive using imagery, the reader can understand how the narrator is getting really tense in a good way when he is shown that his perspective of reality of blind people just being blind and nothing else is about to change. In â€Å" Allegory of the cave† the prisoner is being taken to see a new perspective of the way he used to think when Socrates says â€Å" And suppose once more, that he is reluctantly dragged up a steep and rugged ascent, and held fast until he’s forced into the presence of the sun himslef, is he not likely to be pained and irritated? When he approaches the light his eyes will be dazzled, and he will not be able to see anything at all of what are now called realities. † (Plato, page 9, lines 63-68). Plato shows that by using imagery in his story, people can notice that the prisoner is in a lot of pain when he is being shown that his perspective of reality of the shadows being his reality is about to change for the rest of his life. In both stories â€Å" Cathedral† and â€Å" Allegory of the cave† both charcters of the story are being shown a different way of thinking. This new way of thinking evolved them into a better self being. Both charcters, the narrator and the prisoner were challeneged into a new way of thinking, both stuck to it till the end, and both became more of a fulfilled person.

Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour Within a Multinational Leader H&M

Human resource management and organizational behaviour within a multinational leader Hennes & Mauritz is a multinational retail-clothing company operating in 38 countries and employing a total of 87,000 people. It has been founded in 1947 in Sweden and experienced a rapid growth due to international expansion since the 1960’s. H&M’s mission is at the same time one of the reason for its big and fast success; offering fashion and quality at the best price. Customer expactations are supposed to be exceeded at all times as well as customers being satisfied with the company itself. In order to achieve that H&M needs to sustain its very positive brand image and staff that is organized in the best possible way to handle those goals set. In its annual report it is stated that the company’s focus should be on commercial mindset, simplicity, constant improvement, cost consciousness and entrepreneurship. With those aspects in mind, the long term goal being „making fashion available to everyone, giving the customer a fashion experience that strengthens H&M brandâ€Å" should be reached allowing the business to further expand and to enter new markets on the basis of a 10-15% growth per year, funded internally. Over the years, the company has set a strategy which has the three main aspects of price, design and merger &acquisitions. First of all, since H&M always tries to offer their customers the lowest price possible, they need to achieve a competitive advantage to achieve low costs, and sustaining profitability at very low prices. This is achieved through keeping the number of middlemen to a minimum, benefiting of economies of scale, taking advantage of their great experience and selecting suppliers carefully and keeping distribution costs as low as possible. Designing is completly processed inh-house while all of the production is outsorced but its outcome is tested carefully on a regular basis to ensure high quality at all times. Mergers & acquistions have also been one of the company’s major strategy in the past, especially focusing on acquisitions of small design companies to enrich their product portfolio and being able to offer diversified products worldwide which is an essential part of their international expansion strategy. H&M’s corporate strategy is to expand on a continuing basis, and as a consequence, employee strength also increases continuously. For 2009, H&M’s The continous expansion means that there is also an ongoing process of recruitment within the company, as additional staff is needed with every new shop opening. Annual increase in the number of employees for the upcoming years is 5000-10,000 people from all different kinds of backgrounds, mostly recruited locally at the place of store opening. H&M puts a strong emhasis is to maintain their image of being a good employer, which will help them not only to be confronted with a higher number of applicants for job vaccancies, but also reduces staff turnover as well as it increases employee’s satisfaction towards their job and hence, productivity. This also includes making efforts that exceed national requirements of employer’s responsibilities, which are, especially in some of the recently entered asian markets, very low compared to western standards. This objective is summarized by the HR department as following: â€Å"In order to meet people’s expectations of H&M as an attractive employer, the company develops global guide lines on diversity, equal rights and against discrimination† Hennes & Mauritz wants to give every employee the feeling that they are an essential part of the business, constently offering them to develop and giving the positive signals that promotions are within the company are always ahead. The company is very open towards trade unions and is known for its good and close communication on an employee-management level. Represantitves are being elected which frequently discuss possibilities for improvement with managers, representing the employee’s opinions while at the same time managers are encouraged to actively communicate with employees of all levels as well. This creates a strong feeling of trust within the organization, which is excellent at managing diversity. At times of promotions, managers are advised first to look for the best candidate internally in order to gain advantage of the employee’s experience with the company and encouraging others to work hard and being the best andidate for future promotions. However, the companies philosophy is built among a concept which does not award employees with outstanding job titles but instead continiously increasing opportunities and responsibilities. The fast international expansion of course requires high level of training of new staff. As stated before, internal recruitment is one the main objectives, but since the number of staff is growing so fast, new employees need to be introduced to the job quickly. This process is being accelerated by on-the-job training in which new staff in new markets is invited to join a co-workers in an established market to be introduced into the philosophies, practices and day-to-day tasks. One of the main characteristics a H&M employee therefore needs to bring is a sense of entrepreneurship, good communication skills and being open to work in different environments. Once being hired by H&M, the employee is offered a huge range of benefits for which the company is well recognized for (a list of possible benefits is attached in the appendix)

The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essays

The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essays The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Based on the research methods undertaken and the literature reappraisal researched, the writer efforts to show the findings of the research. Based on the theore3tical grounds and the findings of the primary and secondary research, the findings will farther assist the writer to bring forth decisions and recommendations in order to enable the promotional schemes to assist in hiking a finishs full potency. The writer has researched on the instance survey of the 2000 Sydney Olympics, in peculiar due to their phenomenal success. This procedure has helped the writer to greatly understand the influence of Olympic Games to the touristry development of a finish and will besides assist him to do recommendations in the following chapter which could be applied to the hereafter Olympic host states like London. Sydney, Australia s largest metropolis is the capital of Australia s touristry industry and a popular gateway for the international tourers. Harmonizing to the Tourism Industry council NSW, more than 20 million visitants from Australia and around the universe travel to Sydney every twelvemonth. The NSW authorities has identified 29 regional touristry precincts within Sydney, each with its ain alone property. Sydney is a complete travel finish with arresting beautiful substructure like the Sydney seaport, the opera house, the Town hall Precinct, the parliament, which is the universe s oldest continually runing parliament and the Queen Victoria edifice, which was built as a green goods market to reflect Sydney s wealth, to the Sydney Aquarium reflecting its aquatic life, to its calm beaches and besides the museums and art galleries which are a contemplation of the rich native Aboriginal population of Sydney. Sydney, today is besides a really popular convention Centre in the universe, a nd generates more than $ 600 million a twelvemonth. Harmonizing to The Sydney touristry statistic study ( 2009 ) , Sydney received over 2.5 million international visitants which were 94.1 % of the visitants to NSW and 6.8 million domestic visitants which were 30.1 % of the visitants to NSW by the terminal of December 2009. 56. 2 % of these visitants were leisure travel visitants while 14 % were concern travel visitants. ( NSW Tourism Statistics, 2009 ) . Tourism contributes about $ 27 billion a twelvemonth to the NSW economic system and supports about 158,000 occupations across the State, half of which are in regional countries. The NSW Government has invested $ 51.9 million in the touristry sector, back uping local occupations and concerns. Harmonizing to the Minister for Tourism Jodi McKay, This investing recognises the function touristry plays in driving economic growing across NSW and how targeted support can back up occupations in the industry during these tough economic times. Ms McKay said that $ 30.4 million of the budget w ould fund a broad scope of selling, publicities and touristry undertakings. ( NSW Budget 2009-10, p2 ) Fixing THE BID FOR 2000 GAMES When Australia decided to offer for the Olympic Games in 1991, Sydney was barely on the Global map. Australia was still perceived as the Crocodile Dundee in many of its international markets. The Australian sellers wanted to alter this image of Australia and to project an image of a diverse and modern state with a alone expression and feel. Harmonizing to Interviewee 1 ( Appendix 1 ) , the concern development director ATC, for Sydney, NSW and Australia as a whole, Australia needed an event/ juncture that could supply a monolithic exposure and promotion to the universe and could assist set Australia on the Global Map. The 2000 Games non merely provided this chance but besides created a renewed consciousness of Australia. This position of the importance of finish s image is supported by Morgan A ; Pritchard ( 1998 ) who province that images are the currency of civilizations, reflecting and thereby reenforcing peculiar shared significances and beliefs and peculiar value systems. Harm onizing to Tasci and Kozak ( 2006 ) , finish image could be a important factor in the finish choice procedure of the visitants. Hence, the command was really of import to Sydney with a hope that it would assist to regenerate people s perceptual experiences of Australia as a finish. The Olympic Games are the biggest and most important landmark events in the universe. Hall ( 1992 ) in his book, Hallmark Tourist Events, references three chief driving factors for hosting mega-events: foremost, the honor and acknowledgment that comes from being chosen among international locales. Second, there is an extract of external support for capital undertakings which are justified by the events and 3rd, the economic stimulation that comes from readying for the events, the event itself and the touristry opportunities that follow the events. Harmonizing to Interviewee 3 ( Appendix3 ) the chief ground for Sydney command for 2000 games was to advance Sydney as a global metropolis and to give significant fiscal and economic benefits for Australia along with a positive impact on the metropolis s cultural and societal assets. Sydney s command was alone in a manner that it emphasised on the Green Games and the creed of an Athletes Games . Since the launch of its command in 1991 Sy dney emphasized on its committedness to green games and the province authorities s committedness to supplying the jock s with province of art athletics installations. ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004 ) . Deborah Meisegeier in her article of Sydney Olympics province s that the installations available to the jocks were so ideal that they received the unqualified indorsement of each of the 25 international federations stand foring all the athleticss of the summer Olympics. In add-on to the installations available, Sydney was a metropolis with natural beauty and boundless enthusiasm for athletics ( Sydney Olympic and Environment, 1995 ) . In December 1990, the NSW Government asked the Federal Government for a grant of A $ 150 million to carry through its understanding with the AOC to instantly get down building of Stage One at Home shrub Bay with the balance to be funded by the NSW Government. on 11 March 1991, the AOC, the City of Sydney and the State of New South Wales signed th e contract backing Sydney as a campaigner to host the 2000 Olympic Games. This determination was embraced by Sydney and Australia as a whole including the autochthonal population and mass media. ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p14 ) . In March 1992, the NSW Prime Minister launched the Sydney Olympic Logo. The design by an Aboriginal creative person Ron Hurley consisted of an impressionistic additive intervention of the canvass of the Sydney Opera House in the five colorss of the Olympic rings. The passage from one coloring material to another was made by utilizing Aboriginal dot art technique. Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) of Tourism NSW province s that this intervention to the logo in peculiar reached out to the autochthonal population of Australia and the command was strongly embraced by them. The command programme was launched in March 1992 with a merriment walk on the Sydney seaport span which was participated by 130 000 Australians intoning the Share the Spirit command vocal and Banners and flags integrating the command logo were flown from Bridgess, range poles and edifices at over 700 locations. Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) besides mentions the attempts of the command squad who travelled extensively speciall y three months before the ballots to assorted topographic points like Africa and Asia go toing conferences and carry oning seminars to showcase to the universe that Sydney is capable of hosting an event with great magnitude and excellence. All this difficult work paid off when IOC declared Sydney the victor of 2000 Games on September 23, 1993. With respects to the action program for the games, Interviewee 1 provinces that the NSW authorities realised that planning and organizing the games was a full clip extended occupation and hence in 1993, the NSW authorities put into action its game program with the constitution of the 5 chief commissions which would be responsible for looking after and developing assorted sectors for the games. In 1993, the Sydney Organising Committee for Olympic Games [ SOCOG ] , The Olympic Co-ordinating Authority [ OCA ] , The Olympic Road and Transportation Authority [ ORTA ] , Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation [ SOBO, and Olympic Security Command Ce ntre [ OSCC ] came into signifier. The maps and importance of these commissions is explained farther in this chapter. The estimated budget for the Games was $ 2.3 Billion which was later revised to 2.6 billion, including $ 674 million on installations and locales. In add-on, the Federal and New South Wales authoritiess have allocated $ 4.1 billion for transit undertakings slated to be completed by 2000 ( Sydney Olympic and Environment, 1995, P3 ) . Interviewee 3 provinces that SOCOG and the NSW authorities believed that the Games will assist Sydney to step into the new millenary with a confident, bright and better hereafter if the games are successful. RESTORING FOR THE GAMES The thought of sustainable athletics is comparatively new both in athleticss and environmental circles ( Lenskyj, 2000, P155 ) . Although environmentalism is outstanding as a planetary societal, its application to athleticss merely occurred during the recent times ( Cashman, 2006, P191 ) . Getz ( 1997, P33 ) emphasises that mega events like the Olympic games have multiple intents. They help the hosting metropoliss in urban reclamation and renovation strategies and aid to regenerate decayed or underutilized interior countries. A perfect illustration of this could be seen in the 2000 games where Australia developed an ambitious environmental plan, known as green Games 2000 , which enabled Australia to offer the first eco-friendly Games and the push to win the Sydney 2000 Olympic games. Interviewee 1 provinces that Australia was ever proud to be an environmental painstaking state and hence, felt the demand to integrate this in their command ( Appendix1 ) . He states that the NSW autho rities felt that a successful command would be the 1 that included the turning planetary concerns. The five cardinal environmental countries of the green games were H2O preservation, waste turning away and minimization, pollution turning away, and the protection of important natural and cultural environments. The NSW authorities had chosen the Homebush Bay country for the creative activity of the Olympic Park and small town. At the clip of the command, the Homebush bay was the site for butcheries, mills and an industrial shit. In malice of being located strategically, this country for long was a dumping land and environmentally ignored country. Miss Interviewee 4 of the Sydney Olympic Park Authority states that, the homebush bay country was considered to be developed even before the command for the 2000 games, but the program was neer formulated. However, the command s promise of Green Games gave a opportunity to the NSW authorities to develop the Homebush bay country into one of t he universe s great sporting and recreational Parkss and Olympic small town. Following the Green Guidelines, noticeable environmental development took topographic point in the homebush bay country like, seting 100 000 bushs and 7000 trees, edifice of the largest solar-powered suburb in the universe by usage of photovoltaic cells on all lasting houses in the Olympic Village, debut of the usage of recycled and purified H2O for lavatory flushing and landscape lacrimation and extended usage of recycled edifice stuff. These enterprises resulted in major environmental accomplishments including a decrease in nursery gas emanations by about 10 000 metric tons a twelvemonth compared to similar installations. In add-on these steps guarantee that around 500 million liters of H2O a twelvemonth will be saved from Sydney s chief supply ; over 2.9 million kilogram of edifice waste were recycled, during construction/renovation ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p39 ) .the promise of 5 environme ntal factors was put into action when the SOCOG declared that the Olympic small town will be a theoretical account of environmental consciousness where solar power will be used for street lighting, H2O warming and air conditioning. Bathing and kitchen H2O will be treated on-site for reuse and garden and there will be a prohibition on the usage of environmentally harmful gases in air conditioning, infrigidation and 500 insularity. A perfect illustration of it was seen when Coca-Cola the official patron of the Games was banned from utilizing the harmful HFC gases in infrigidation ( Sydney Olympic and Environment, 1995, P2 ) . Harmonizing to Cashman, the environment record of the 2000 Games was one of the reflecting accomplishments of the Games ( Cahsman, 2006, P196 ) . Prasad and snow in 2004 stated that the solar inventions at the Olympic small town are capturing the imaginativeness of single householders through authorities support programmes such as the PV ( photo Gur ) discount pr ogramme. Giving more inside informations of this programme, Interviewee 4 ( Appendix4 ) states that this is a programme, wherein family, concerns and community groups that install eligible small-scale solar photovoltaic, air current and hydro electricity systems would be eligible to have a discount for the solar recognition. the programme has rebated $ 8,000 since nov2007 and installed more than 50,000 systems ( Solar Homes and Community Plan, Australian Govt. Department of environment and H2O, 2009 ) . DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE Page and Hall ( 2003 ) province that mega-events can move as a accelerator to speed uping urban alteration. Events like Olympic games can be used as mechanisms to consequence both short and long term alterations to the societal and physical wellbeing of the metropolis. This was really clearly apparent in instance of the Sydney 2000 games which corporate three major urban development enterprises ( Searle, 2002 ) . First was the building of Olympic small town on the 84ha excess defense mechanism site near to the Olympic park. This small town as celebrated earlier was to be built on strong rules of ecologically sustainable development. As Miss Interviewee 4 ( Appendix 4 ) stated from the Olympic study, 2004, after the games this small town would organize a new uptown suburb which would house 5000 people and would promote Sydney s urban conurbation. The second was the building of Sydney s largest urban park on the site of industrial shit. a major metropolitan park, known as the Millenniu m Parklands was constructed, supplying several ecologically distinguishable countries, nature corridors, home grounds and both active and inactive recreational chances. The 3rd enterprise was with respects to the development of conveyance system where in a rail line was to be built linking the Olympic small town and park to the remainder of the rail web so that the usage of public conveyance can be improved and maximised ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p55 ) . To transport out these enterprises, the SOCOG formed a separate Authority known as the Olympic Road Transport Authority [ ORTA ] in 1997 ( Cashman, 2006, P201 ) . The Nsw authorities subsequently passed on the ORTA Act under which particular Olympic lanes were created. A vehicle could non be driven in an Olympic lane unless it was a public coach or cab, constabulary or exigency vehicle, or was exposing an official Olympic license. Olympic lanes were merely used on specific paths where three traffic lanes were available in that way of travel ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p45 ) . The Sydney airdrome was upgraded at the cost of $ 2 billion. The consequence of this development to the conveyance system led to the smooth and effectual running of public conveyance during the games. With the immense figure of people choosing for public conveyance, the traffic during the games was besides reduced. Furthermore, as the jocks small town and park were in close propinquity and the determination of the SOCOG to present the games in one location within propinquity of 30 proceedingss travel clip from one another required the jocks and media to set about limited manager travel. The conveyance scheme for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games minimised emanations from vehicles due to the heavy trust on public conveyance. Interviewee 1 provinces that the attempts of ORTA paid away and the imperativeness both local and international plauded the organizers for smooth conveyance operations ( Appendix 1 ) . He besides s tates that the long-run consequence of the betterment to the conveyance system is that the residential agreeableness of many inter-city streets has improved. Harmonizing to Cashman ( 2006 ) , the gap of the Cross metropolis tunnel and the building of the Western Sydney Orbital are few among the many long term programs to better Sydney s transit. Development of Hotel Sector The hotel sector is one of the most important countries of development during any mega event. It is a known fact that big hotels increase their capacities of aid suit the Olympic visitants during the games. There is a immense private investing in the hotel sector. Sydney had increased its hotel room capacity by 25 % for the games. The hotel tenancy was about 100 % throughout the game period. A cardinal substructure proviso for the long-run hereafter of Homebush Bay was the constitution of a hotel right in the bosom of the composite. The Novotel and Ibis Hotel was built right following to Olympic Park station. The hotel complex features 168-room Novotel Hotel and an adjoining 150-room Ibis Hotel. The 19-storey high Novotel Hotel is the tallest edifice on site and provides a birds-eye position over the whole Sydney Olympic Park and as far off as the Sydney CBD from its observation deck. The Regent Sydney, designated the Official IOC Hotel of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p321 ) . Deborah Mesegeier ( 1995 ) states that in an attempt to command the hotel and nutrient costs, agreements were made to guarantee visitants a cost effectual stay. Hotel rates, including nutrient cost, drinks and wash were based on the norm published monetary values two old ages before the start of the games. Research workers like, Cashman ( 2006 ) , Lenskyj ( 2002 ) and chalip ( 2000 ) have talked about the hotels being closed down or being underutilised after the games, turn outing to be an economic drain to the finish. Both Interviewee 1 and Interviewee 2 province that the NSW authorities was to the full cognizant of this wake and had started taking stairss to avoid this even before the games ( Appendix 1 A ; 2 ) . As a measure towards this the NSW authorities and SOCOG had developed the publicity of MICE touristry particularly at the Olympic park. Chalip ( 2002 ) He noted that the Olympic games have great possible to excite conference and convention concern. Mentioning to the intelligence article by Brooke in 2004, Interviewee 2 says that between the clip Sydney won the command until 1999 Sydney had won 202 commands for MICE concern. The tenancy rate was about 70-80 % in 2001. Over AU $ 500 million were budgeted from the MICE and conference concern four old ages following the games. Brooke ( 2004 ) has mentioned that thanks to the conventions, tenancies at the Novotel Sydney Olympic park averaged to 76 % motivating the Accor group to open its 3rd hotel in the composite in 2004 and a 4th one was unfastened within two old ages in 2006 ( Brooke 2004, the New York times ) . The attending from conventions was at 1.5 million delegates in 2004 which was three clip the 251,280 delegates in 2001 ( Chaplin 2002, P8 ) Developing and Showcasing Australia s Culture Harmonizing to Cashman ( 2006 ) , civilization is an of import facet of the Olympic games. The cultural accent was based on the sentiment that athleticss should play an educational function and be a portion of the balanced development of both the person and the community ( Cashman, 2006, P54 ) . The 7.19 proceedingss presentation of Australia with 12 male childs siting bikes covered with hyperbolic plastic Kangaroos, having Aboriginal motives at the Atlanta shutting ceremonial proved that Australia was good cognizant and ready to hard currency in on the importance of showing Australia to the universe with a new international cultural individuality ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004 ) .hall ( 1992 ) states that mega events like the Olympics present an chance to expose local accomplishments and cultural attitudes. Interviewee 1 references the Cultural Olympiad, a cultural plan that expressed humanity s quest for peace and harmoniousness ( Appendix1 ) . The plan was to take topograp hic point at seven degrees. The first was the festival of Dreaming which introduced the thought of Aboriginal dreamtime and the importance of ocean. The following was the festival of Awakening which was meant to accommodate the autochthonal and the non-indigenous. The sea of alteration which focused on the part that geographic expedition and in-migration has made for the development of civilization followed. This was followed by making the universe where Australia presented its best acting humanistic disciplines with an accent to the plants of Aboriginal creative persons and performing artists. The cultural programme ended with the festival of Harbour of Life which showcased the universe s many religions, civilizations and societal traditions as one. The cultural programme was received really good by the universe audience. The subject of cultural unity continued to the gap ceremonial where strong public presentations by many autochthonal people executing their traditional dan ces as portion of the Ceremony illustrated the topographic point they fill in the history of this land and in its present ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, P335 ) . Sydney s cultural Olympiad was considered a great success to Australian as it helped the authorities to bond with the Aboriginal population and improves its dealingss with them. The NSW authorities and the SOCOG realised and understood the Acceptance and jubilation of diverseness played its portion in pulling the Games to Sydney and in March 2000 established the Aboriginal Cultural Centre at the Olympic park. A twelvemonth after the Olympics the ignite festival was aid at the Olympic park to tag the day of remembrance of 2000 games. Assorted festivals, concerts, exhibitions and events were held. It celebrated the lighting of the caldron at the Olympic park and the park was unfastened to public as a symbol of multi-cultural community. Tourism Promotion Harmonizing to the Tourism Forecasting Council ( 2001 ) , the Olympic Games present an chance to foreground to one million millions of possible tourers what the host state offers as an international finish. It gives a alone chance to advance its touristry merchandise to the international and domestic markets on an unprecedented graduated table. Interviewee 1 ( Appendix1 ) states that with this in head the NSW authorities, Tourism NSw and the Australian Tourist committee ensured that maximal touristry benefit is derived from this one time in a life clip chance. He states that to Australia the 2000 games were non an event of 3-4 hebdomads but were aureate chance to harvest touristry both before and after the games. The ATC obtained US $ 6.7 million from Australian authorities to maximize the touristry chance presented by the 2000 games. The ATC developed a scheme under the slogan Australia 2000-fun and games , which was aimed to better and add value to Australia s international image. ( ATC Olympic touristry Strategy, 2001, P2 ) . With mention to this scheme, Interviewee 3 ( Appendix 3 ) provinces that over 1,000 single undertakings were implemented over a period of four old ages. These resulted into an extra 1.6 million visitants passing US $ 3.5 billion and bring forthing 11 % addition in visitant reachings in 2000. ( ATC Olympic touristry scheme, 2001, P3-4 ) . one of the most successful among the pre-Game touristry publicity undertakings was set uping a dedicated cyberspace web site, www.2000.australia.com. Visitors to australia.com increased merely before the games with the bringing of 7million pages of information. Talking about the website Interviewee 1 ( Appendix 1 ) says that the site contained all the information on the tourer topographic points in Australia along with regular updated information and occurrences taking up to the games. Australia made its presence felt to the universe right from the shutting ceremonial of the Atlanta Games. Towards the terminal of the Atlanta Games, ATC produced several images, docudramas and short movies showcasing Australia. It was watched on telecasting by 3.5 billion people worldwide ( ATC scheme, 2001, P8 ) . It besides conducted Australian Showcase at the shutting ceremonial in Atlanta. The ATC conducted 14 international trade shows along with Tourism NSW and the Sydney Convention and Visitors bureau showcasing Australia non merely as a tourer finish but besides as a finish for merriment filled serious concern with the province of art convention and meeting installations. At all the shows and conventions, the ATC distributed around 2000 media kits that included 50 featured narratives, 86 images one Cadmium ROM and 30 proceedingss of broadcast quality footage covering Australia ( ATC Strategy, 2001, P13 ) . Chaplin ( 2000 ) has pointed out an issue which could be seen repeating in many host metropoliss of the games. He says that, in Olympic twelvemonth, some tourer in cardinal international m arkets might see Australia as being closed during the Games for tourers. In malice of the fact that the games are held for merely three hebdomads, tourers try to avoid the host metropolis all twelvemonth unit of ammunition during the Olympic twelvemonth. With Australia this could hold been a serious job as Sydney remains the chief travel finish among all tourer paths. With regard to this facet in peculiar, Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) says that this was non truly a job with Australia as along with the Australia 2000-Fun and Games run, the ATC had besides launched the Olympic Effect- Be portion of the action run in which the ATC teamed up with the circuit operators and encouraged them to reassure the visitants that Australia would stay unfastened for concern and touristry before and during the games. Under this programme short profile and narratives on Australia s diverse parts and attractive forces were made and featured throughout the Olympic coverage. The official domestic travel provider, Traveland, developed an array of Tourss that Olympic visitants could buy for travel outside Sydney before, during or after the Games. Cartan, the company responsible for marketing the Sydney Olympics in the United States, included pre- and post-Games travel bundles in its booklets. They offered trips to Uluru, the Great Barrier Reef, and Melbourne. ( Chaplin, 2002 ) . The success of this scheme was apparent from the ATC study of 2001 which showed an 11 % growing in touristry and immense tourer reachings in Australian metropoliss like, Victoria, Brisbane and Queensland during a period taking up to the Olympics ( ATC touristry scheme, 2001, P6 ) . However, one of the most astonishing and alone manner of showcasing Australia was the Olympic Torch Relay. Chaplin ( 2000 ) states that no host state has taken such a good advantage of showcasing it as a touristry finish. Interviewee 3 agrees that the torch relay was really alone and positive one to the Sydney Olympics. The ATC ha d worked really closely with the relay contrivers to utilize images that will showcase Australia as a possible tourer finish. The relay began at Uluru, Australia s most important touristic topographic point, the site of universe s largest monolith. From there the torch was taking to another touristic site of the Great Barrier Reef, to Mount Isa in Queensland and 1000 Australian town Showcasing the existent Australia to the universe. Interviewee 1 says that the relay attracted huge crowd in peculiar as it was the longest torch relay in the history of the games and travelled over 27 000 kilometers carried by 11 000 torchbearers ( Appendix 1 ) . Since winning the command in 1993, the NSW authorities and ATC was really clear of harvesting maximal benefits to Australia as a touristry finish. The post- games touristry development programs and thoughts were set in gesture even before the beginning of the games. Talking about the post-game touristry activities, Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) says that touristry NSW s station games activity has built upon the work done in the lead-up and during the games. One of the most of import among these was to supply excess support to Brand Australia run started in 1995 before the games. A short promotional picture entitled Australian Games produced by ATC after the games, demonstrated a changed attack to finish selling. It represented Australia as a lively and technologically advanced society. Cashman ( 2006 ) identified the post-games period as the most productive period for touristry. The ATC touristry scheme ( 2001 ) stated that necessary programs and actions have to be implemented while the universe was still fixed on Australia. The legion arresting images of Sydney and Australia with tonss of awards for the success of the games placed Australia in a really powerful place in the international touristry market. The ATC instantly directed a immense selling run to redevelop ATC s cyberspace web site Australia.com to post images of the assorted locales of games, the torch relay along with a figure of positive remarks and infusions from interviews and conferences about Australia. With the Australia- unfastened for concern run already running during the lead up to the games, the NSW authorities and ATC worked towards edifice of the Meeting, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions ( MICE ) sector of concern touristry. In 2001 the New Century, New World. Australia 2001 run was started to pull the corporate sector to utilize Australia as a major MICE finish. This scheme seems to hold a positive impact with Sydney today, being figure one conference and convention Centre i n the universe. Sydney won more than 200 commands between 1999 and 2001 and the economic value of the MICE command activity is said to bring forth AU $ 500 million over four old ages following the games ( Chaplin, 2000, P9 ) . Harmonizing the touristry study of TAC, Australia s inward touristry had a strong growing rate of 7.8 % over 2001 to 2010, with 10.2 million visitants expected in 2010. Media Communications and Promotions Nielsen ( 2001 ) references that media is an of import portion in a finish s image formation. This includes the print media, newspapers, diaries, broadcast media like wireless and telecasting and the most popular cyberspace. It acts as a bearer to supply direct information ; society attributes to the populace and creates an image and world. Australia has one of the most sophisticated and extended media webs in the universe. For Australia to shift itself on the universe map, the Australian media was a factor of major importance. Cashman ( 2006 ) says that surveies of the old host metropoliss have shown the importance of managing media to the success of the games. with this in head the Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation was set up to organize the media and was responsible for telecasting the Games to an estimated cumulative planetary audience of 30 billion people. SOBO s function was to supply coverage of every Olympic competition for more than 200 telecasting and wireless Rights Holders. Lenskyj ( 2002 ) says that the Australian media played and indispensable function in determining public sentiment refering Sydney Olympics and to hike public support for all things Olympic ( Lenskyj, 2002, p13 ) . Alternatively of restricting its rights to one functionary Olympic media, the authorities decided to hold two major media patrons: Fairfax and News limited. The torch and ticket gross revenues were given to News Limited and the voluntary enlisting and art festival was given to Fairfax ( Lenskyj, 2002, P16 ) . Cashman says that Y making this the SOCOG ensured that it reached out to both the

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